Bitewe n’icyerekezo cy’isi yose cyo kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, ibihugu bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kugira ngo moteri z’amashanyarazi zikore neza, ariko icyerekezo rusange ni ugukora neza no kubungabunga ingufu. Hasi aha, twakusanyije amahame agenga ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikoreshwa muri moteri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Kanada na Ositaraliya mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi twifuza kubisangiza namwe.
Amerika
Mu 1992, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika yemeje Itegeko rya EPACT, ryashyizeho agaciro gato k’imikorere myiza kuri moteri kandi ryasabaga ko moteri zose zikoreshwa muri rusange zigurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho bishya by’imikorere myiza, ari byo ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza bya EPACT, guhera ku ya 24 Ukwakira 1997. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza byagenwe na EPACT byari impuzandengo y’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza ya moteri byakozwe n’inganda zikomeye zikora moteri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika icyo gihe. Mu 2001, Ishyirahamwe ry’Iterambere ry’Ingufu (CEE) n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Abakora Ingufu z’Amashanyarazi (NEMA) bafatanyije gutegura ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza cyane, bizwi nka NEMA Premium standard. Ibisabwa mu gutangira imikorere y’iri tegeko bihuye n’ibya EPACT, kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza bigaragaza urwego mpuzandengo rwa moteri zikoreshwa neza cyane ziboneka ku isoko rya Amerika, ruri hejuru ya 1 kugeza kuri 3 ku ijana ugereranyije n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EPACT, kandi igihombo kigabanukaho hafi 20% ugereranije n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EPACT. Muri iki gihe, amahame ya NEMA Premium akoreshwa cyane nk'amahame ngenderwaho ku nkunga zitangwa n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bishishikarize abakoresha kugura moteri zikora neza cyane. Moteri za NEMA Premium zirasabwa gukoreshwa mu gihe akazi ka buri mwaka kamara amasaha arenga 2,000 kandi umuvuduko wo gutwara ukaba urenga 75%. Gahunda ya NEMA Premium yatangijwe na NEMA ni amasezerano y'inganda ku bushake. Abanyamuryango ba NEMA bagomba gusinya aya masezerano no kuzuza amabwiriza mbere yuko bakoresha ikirango cya NEMA Premium. Amashami atari abanyamuryango agomba kwishyura amafaranga runaka kugira ngo akoreshe iki kirango. Kugena imikorere myiza ya moteri muri EPACT bishingiye ku mahame ngenderwaho y'uburyo bwo gupima imikorere myiza ya moteri IEEE112-B y'Ikigo cy'Injeniyeri z'Ibyuma n'Ikoranabuhanga cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Hagati mu myaka ya 1990, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi watangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no gushyiraho politiki ku kubungabunga ingufu zikomoka kuri moteri. Mu 1999, Ishami ry’Ubwikorezi n’Ingufu rya Komisiyo y’Uburayi hamwe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga bya Moteri n’Ingufu (CE-MEP) bemeje ku bushake bwabo gahunda yo gushyira mu byiciro moteri (yitwa amasezerano ya EU-CEMEP).
Aya masezerano yashyize mu byiciro urwego rw'imikorere myiza ya moteri, arizo:
Eff3 – moteri zikora neza cyane (zidakora neza cyane);
Eff2 – moteri nziza (zidakora neza);
Eff1 – moteri zikora neza cyane (Highefficiency).
(Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha neza moteri mu gihugu cyacu risa n’iry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.)
Nyuma ya 2006, gukora no gukwirakwiza moteri zo mu rwego rwa eff3 byarabujijwe. Ayo masezerano kandi yavugaga ko abakora bagomba kwandika agaciro k’ibanga ry’imikorere n’agaciro k’imikorere ku rupapuro rw’amazina y’ibicuruzwa n’urupapuro rw’icyitegererezo cy’amakuru kugira ngo abakoresha bahitemo kandi bamenye, ibyo bikaba ari nabyo byari ibipimo bya mbere byo gukoresha ingufu mu mabwiriza y’ibicuruzwa by’ingufu by’imodoka bya EU. Amasezerano ya EU-CEMEP yashyizwe mu bikorwa nyuma yo gusinya ku bushake n’amasosiyete ari mu muryango wa CEMEP kandi yakira abakora, abatumiza n’abacuruzi badafite abanyamuryango kugira ngo bitabiriye. Kuri ubu, amasosiyete 36 akora harimo Siemens yo mu Budage, ABB yo mu Busuwisi, BrookCromton yo mu Bwongereza, Leroy-Somer yo mu Bufaransa, n’abandi ari kwitabira, agizwe na 80% by’umusaruro mu Burayi. Danemark itanga inkunga ya kroner 100 cyangwa 250 zo muri Danemark kuri kW ku bakoresha bagura moteri zifite imikorere myiza irenze urugero rw’ibipimo ngenderwaho. Ubuholandi butanga inkunga yo kugura no gutanga inkunga ku misoro. Ubwongereza buteza imbere impinduka ku isoko rya moteri zikora neza cyane n’ibindi bicuruzwa bizigama ingufu binyuze mu kugabanya imisoro ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere no gushyira mu bikorwa "Gahunda yo Kongera Inkunga ku Ishoramari". Guverinoma kandi itegura gahunda yo guhindura isoko yakozwe n’Ishami rishinzwe Ibidukikije, Ibiribwa n’Icyaro (DEFRA) kugira ngo hatangwe ibikoresho bizigama ingufu, haboneke amakuru kuri ibyo bicuruzwa, ibisubizo bizigama ingufu n’uburyo bwo kubishushanya, nibindi kuri interineti.
Kanada
Mu 1991, Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubuziranenge rya Kanada n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Ingufu z’Amashanyarazi rya Kanada bafatanyije gutegura amahame ngenderwaho yo gukoresha ingufu nkeya kuri moteri. Ibipimo by’imikorere myiza muri iri tegeko byari biri hasi gato ugereranyije n’amahame ya nyuma ya EPACT yo muri Amerika. Bitewe n’akamaro k’ikibazo cy’ingufu, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Kanada nayo yemeje Itegeko ry’Ikoreshwa ry’Ingufu (EEACT) mu 1992, ririmo amahame ngenderwaho yo gukoresha ingufu nkeya kuri moteri. Ibipimo by’imikorere myiza ya moteri byari bimwe n’iby’amahame ngenderwaho ya EPACT yo muri Amerika, kandi iri tegeko ryashyizweho kugira ngo ritangire gukurikizwa ku mugaragaro mu 1997. Iri tegeko ni itegeko nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, bityo moteri zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zatejwe imbere vuba.
Umunyamerika
Kugira ngo habeho kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya yashyizeho gahunda y’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukoresha ingufu neza cyangwa gahunda ya MEPS ku bikoresho byo mu rugo n’ibikoresho by’inganda kuva mu 1999. Iyi gahunda iyoborwa n’Ibiro bya Leta ya Ositaraliya bishinzwe imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku bufatanye na Komisiyo ishinzwe Ibipimo ngenderwaho ya Ositaraliya. Ositaraliya yashyize moteri mu rwego rwa MEPS. Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri moteri cyemejwe kandi gitangira gukoreshwa mu Ukwakira 2001, umubare usanzwe ukaba ari AS/NZS1359.5. Moteri zikorerwa kandi zitumizwa muri Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande zigomba kuzuza cyangwa kurenza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza bivugwa muri aya mabwiriza. Iri hame rishobora kugeragezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri, bityo hakagaragazwa ibipimo bibiri: itsinda rimwe ni ibipimo by’uburyo A, bihuye n’uburyo bwa IEEE112-B muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; irindi itsinda ni ibipimo by’uburyo B, bihuye na IEC34-2, bifite agaciro kabyo gasa n’ak’uburyo bwa EU-CEMEP bwa Eff2. Iri hame ntirigena gusa ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza ariko kandi rinashyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imikorere myiza ya moteri nk’ibipimo ngenderwaho, rishishikariza abakoresha kubyitabira. Ingano y'imibare isa n'iya Eff1 ya EU-CEMEP na EPACT muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 14-2026