Moteri zizunguruka, izwi kandi nka moteri za rotor zometse, ni zo zigize ingenzi muri byinshiporogaramu zo kohereza amakuru zikoresha ingufu nyinshi.Bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibikoresho fatizo nkaubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda z'amabuye y'agaciro or inganda zikora kolenka sima, limestone, na gypsum mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusya, gukanda no gusya. Bikoreshwa kandi mu mafeni manini, ipompo, n'ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu.
Stator:
Imiterere ya stator ya moteri zifata squirrel-cage na moteri zifata slip-ring ni imwe. Itandukaniro rikomeye rya moteri zifata slip-ring ni mu miterere ya rotor n'uburyo bwo gukora. Iyo moteri zifata slip-ring zikoreshwa muri sisitemu za cascades, hari impinduka zimwe na zimwe muri stator zishobora kubaho kuko ingufu za moteri ziva ku kugenzura ingufu za rotor y'indi moteri ifata slip-ring, aho resistor zo hanze zishyirwa kuri rotor yayo.
Rotor:
Impeta yo gusimbuka ni iki? Moteri y'impeta yo gusimbuka ubusanzwe ifite rotor ifite stator y'ibikomere. Ubwo bwoko bwa rotor bufite uruziga rugizwe n'ibice bitatu, rugizwe n'imirongo ikoreshwa muri moteri ya AC. Imbere ya rotor ikozwe mu byuma bifunganye kandi ifite imyenge yo kwakira imiyoboro y'impeta eshatu z'icyiciro kimwe. Iyi miyoboro itandukanyijwe n'amashanyarazi na dogere 120. Nubwo stator yasimbuka mu byiciro bibiri, umubare w'imiyoboro ya stator kuri rotor ni umwe n'umubare uri muri stator kandi uhora ari ibice bitatu. Iyi miyoboro itatu isohoka iturutse ku rundi ruhande imbere kandi ihuzwa n'impeta eshatu zo gusimbuka zishyizwe ku mugozi wa rotor ubwawo. Impande eshatu zihuza izi mpeta eshatu zo gusimbuka hifashishijwe brushes za karuboni, zishyizwe ku mpeta n'ibice by'impeta. Izi brushes eshatu za karuboni zihuzwa hanze na rheostat yo gutangira y'icyiciro bitatu. Impeta yo gusimbuka n'impeta yo hanze bishobora kongera imbaraga zo hanze z'uruziga rwa rotor, bigatuma igira imbaraga zo hejuru mu gihe cyo gutangira, bityo bikongera imbaraga zo gutangira. Mu mikorere isanzwe, impeta yo gusimbuka irangiza uruziga binyuze mu mpeta y'icyuma. Impeta yo gusimbuka ishyirwa ku mugozi, bigatuma impeta eshatu zikorana. Byongeye kandi, uburoso buhita buzamuka buva mu mpeta yo gusimbuka kugira ngo budatakaza imbaraga cyangwa ngo busakare. Mu mikorere isanzwe, imikorere ya rotor yo gusimbuka ni imwe n'iya rotor yo gusimbuka ifite icyuma gifatana.
Bizagenda bite iyo hongewemo resistor yo hanze? Ku bijyanye na moteri zikoresha induction ya squirrel-cage, resistance ya rotor iba iri hasi cyane, bityo umuriro uri muri rotor uba uri hejuru cyane, bigatuma torque yo gutangira irushaho kuba mbi. Ariko, iyo hongewemo resistor yo hanze muri moteri zikoresha induction ya slip-ring, resistance ya rotor yiyongera iyo itangiye, bityo rotor current iba iri hasi kandi torque yo gutangira iba ntarengwa. Byongeye kandi, induction isabwa kugira ngo hakorwe torque ntarengwa ingana n'intrainment ya rotor. Muri moteri zikoresha induction ya slip-ring, wongeye resistor yo hanze kugira ngo wongere resistor ya rotor, induction iriyongera. Bitewe n'intrainment ya rotor nyinshi, intrain iba nini, bityo no ku muvuduko muto, torque ya "gukurura" irashobora kugerwaho. Iyo moteri igeze ku muvuduko wayo w'ibanze (umuvuduko wose), iyo resistor yo hanze ikuweho kandi mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukora, uburyo bwo gukora bwayo ni bumwe n'ubwa moteri zikoresha induction ya squirrel-cage. Kubwibyo, izi moteri zikwiriye cyane imitwaro myinshi cyane, isaba torque yo gukurura hafi zero ku muvuduko muto no kwihuta kugeza ku muvuduko wose, kandi ifata torque ntoya mu gihe gito cyane.
Ibyiza bya moteri zikoresha slip-ring induction:
Akamaro gakomeye ka moteri zitwara ibyuma bishyushya ni uko zishoborakugenzurwa byoroshye mu muvuduko.Nubwo umuvuduko wa zeru ubaho, "torque yo gukurura" irashobora kugerwaho. Ugereranyije na moteri zitwara imizigo zikoresha squirrel-cage, ifite torque yo gutangira iri hejuru. Torque yuzuye ni hafi 200-250% by'umuvuduko wuzuye. Moteri zitwara imizigo zikoresha squirrel-cage zigize 600-700% by'umuvuduko wuzuye, ariko starting power ya moteri zitwara imizigo zikoresha slip-ring ni nke cyane, hafi 250-350% by'umuvuduko wuzuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-09-2025